Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred a global effort to identify effective therapeutic targets against SARS-CoV-2. Recent studies have investigated various molecules as potential treatments, but their efficacy and safety remain unclear. Objectives: To conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis of recent clinical trials evaluating the therapeutic efficacy and safety of target molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Methods: We searched multiple databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and 2023. We included trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of target molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies, antiviral agents, and immunomodulators, in patients with COVID-19. Results: Our meta-analysis included 25 RCTs involving 10,215 patients. We found that several target molecules, including monoclonal antibodies (e.g., bamlanivimab, casirivimab) and antiviral agents (e.g., remdesivir, molnupiravir), significantly reduced the risk of hospitalization and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Immunomodulators (e.g., tocilizumab, baricitinib) also showed promise in reducing inflammation and improving clinical outcomes. However, the efficacy and safety of these molecules varied across different patient populations and disease severity. Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of recent target molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Our findings support the use of monoclonal antibodies, antiviral agents, and immunomodulators as potential treatments for COVID-19, but highlight the need for further research to optimize their use and address emerging variants.